MyrScript SMCore instruments database – C

C Tenor Saxophone

See Melody Saxophone

Cabasa

External links:

• Cabasa/Afuche - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)
• Cabassa (musicologie.org)
• How to Play Cabasa - Tutorial

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CABASA
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Comes from / Played in: Africa
Names: Cabasa, Afuche, Afoxé Cabasa Cabaza Cabaza Cabasa
Abbreviation: Cabs.

Caixa

External links:

• Caixa (instrument) - Wikipédia
• Batucada - Wikipedia
• Batucada - Wikipédia
• Caixa no Samba Reggae #8 - BATUCADA BRASILEIRA

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CAIXA
Orchestra section: Membranophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Comes from / Played in: Brazil
Names: Caixa, Tarol Caixa Caixa Caixa Caixa
Abbreviation: C.

Calabrian Lira

External links:

• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Lira di Calabria, Lira Calabresa
• Ettore Castagna, Etnografia di me stesso, La lira della Calabria
• Calabrian lira - Wikipedia
• Lyra (instrument) - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CALABRIAN_LIRA
Orchestra section: Bowed strings
MIDI section: Ethnics
Family: Lyres
Comes from / Played in: Italy
Names: Calabrian Lira Lira calabraise Kalabrische Lira Lira calabrese Lira de Calabria

Tuning	Sounding	Written
G-D-A G4, D4, A4

Carillon

Tuned bells installed in a bell tower and played with a keyboard.

External links:

• Carillon du beffroi de Bergues
• Cloche d'église - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CARILLON
Orchestra section: Pitched percussions
MIDI section: Chromatic percussions
Comes from / Played in: Flanders
Names: Carillon, Church Bells Carillon, Cloches d'église, Cloches d'église Carillon, Turmglockenspiel, Kirchenglocken Carillon, Kirchenglocken Carillón, Campanas de iglesia
Abbreviation: Car.

Sounding	Written

Castanets

External links:

• Castagnettes traditionnelles, à manche, sur socle - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)
• Concerto voor castagnetten en orkest

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CASTANETS
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Comes from / Played in: Spain
Names: Castanets Castagnettes Kastagnetten Castagnette, Nacchere Castañuelas
Abbreviations: Cast. Cast. Kas. Cast. Cast.

Cavalier Baritone

A metallic voice, that can sing both lyric and dramatic phrases, a manly noble baritonal color; most on-stage roles in this Fach call for good looks. Not quite as vocally powerful as the Verdi baritone or Charakterbariton, who is expected to have a powerful, perhaps muscular or physically large, appearance on stage and has a harsher, more pronounced than the lyric baritone or Spielbariton.

External links:

• Fach - Wikipedia
• Carlos Jimeno sings Escamillo from "Carmen

Sounding	Written

Cavaquinho

External links:

• Cavaquinho - Wikipedia
• Cavaquinho - Wikipédia
• Cavaquinho - rythmique du PARTIDO-ALTO par Fernando Del Papa
• How to tune a Cavaquinho – Fret Expert

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CAVAQUINHO
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Guitars
Family: Ukuleles
Comes from / Played in: Brazil
Names: Cavaquinho Cavaquinho Cavaquinho Cavaquinho Cavaquinho

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Brazilian D4, G4, B4, D5
Portuguese C4, G4, A4, D5
Portuguese ancient D5, A4, B4, E5
Guitar D4, G4, B4, E5
Mandolin G3, D4, A4, E5
Ukulele G3, C4, E4, A4

Caxixi

External link: Maracas, Shaker, Caxixi - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CAXIXI
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Comes from / Played in: Brazil, West Africa
Names: Caxixi Caxixi Caxixi Caxixi Caxixi

Celesta

Celesta is a struck idiophone operated by a four or five octaves keyboard, like an upright piano with smaller keys and a much smaller cabinet. The keys connect to hammers that strike a graduated set of metal (usually steel) plates or bars suspended over wooden resonators. Celesta usually have a damper pedal that sustains or damps the sound.

External links:

• Le célesta, comment ça marche ? Par Catherine Cournot - Culture Prime
• Introducing: The Celeste
• Celesta - Vienna Symphonic Library

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CELESTA
Orchestra section: Pitched percussions
MIDI section: Chromatic percussions
Names: Celesta, Bell Piano Célesta Celesta Celesta Celesta
Abbreviations: Cel. Cél.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
5 octaves	C3 - C8
3 octaves	C5 - C8
4 octaves	C4 - C8
5.5 octaves (modern)	C3 - F8

Cello

Cello is mainly written in F clef, but to avoid ledger lines, C and even G clef are encountered.

External links:

• Le violon (musicologie.org)
• Violoncelle (musicologie.org)
• 2CELLOS - Eye Of The Tiger [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
• Cello - Wikipedia
• Outil : Trouvez les doigtés d’une note harmonique (alexissavelief.com)
• Cello - Vienna Symphonic Library

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CELLO
Orchestra section: Bowed strings
MIDI section: String and Orchestrals
Family: Violins
Names: Cello Violoncelle Violoncello Violoncello Violonchelo, Violoncello
Abbreviations: Vc. Vlc.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C-G-D-A/Amateur C2, G2, D3, A3
C-G-D-A/Professional C2, G2, D3, A3

Cello Banjo

External links:

• Banjo - Wikipedia
• Sally In The Garden - Cello Banjo
• Ship in Full Sail (Irish jig) on cello banjo, faster then slower, with notes -

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C-G-D-A C2, G2, D3, A3	C2 - D5

Celo

See Tamburica Celo

Celtic Harp

External links:

• La harpe celtique (musicologie.org)
• La verte épine - Harpe celtique - Clotilde Trouillaud
• Harpe celtique - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CELTIC_HARP
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: String and Orchestrals
Family: Harps
Comes from / Played in: France, Ireland, UK
Names: Celtic Harp Harpe celtique Keltische Harfe Arpa celtica Arpa celtica
Abbreviations: Hp. Arp. Arpa

Sounding	Written

Cetera

External link: Cetera Corsa - A spassighjata di Matéa - Petru Cerutti

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CETERA
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Guitars
Family: Citterns
Comes from / Played in: Corsica
Period: Renaissance
Names: Cetera Cetera Cetera Cetera Cetera

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C-D-Eb-F-G-G-D-G C3C3, D3D3, Eb3Eb3, F3F3, G3G3, G3G3, D4D4, G4G4	C3 - C#6
Renaissance G2G2, A2A2, C3C3, D3D3, A3A3, G3G3, D4D4, E4E4	G2 - Bb5

Chalumeau

See Tenor Chalumeau

Chamois Horn

See Gemshorn

Chapman Stick

Electric instrument combining bass and guitar, played with tapping technic. Bass strings are inverted, so the lowest notes are in the middle of the neck, allowing deep bass and medium chords accompaniment by one hand, and the melody by the other hand.

External links:

• Les différents tuning du Stick
• While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Chapman Stick
• Lotus on Irish Streams - Emmett Chapman, Alto Stick
• Chapman Stick - Wikipedia
• Chapman Stick - Wikipédia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
10-strings/Classic E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4	C1 - D6
10-strings/Dual Bass Reciprocal D#4, G#3, C#3, F#2, B1, E1, A2, D3, G3, C4	E1 - D#6
10-strings/Baritone Melody E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, C#2, F#2, B2, E3, A3	C1 - A5
10-strings/Deep Baritone Melody E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, B1, E2, A2, D3, G3	C1 - G5
10-strings/Matched Reciprocal E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, E2, A2, D3, G3, C4	C1 - C6
10-strings/Raised Matched Reciprocal F#3, B2, E2, A1, D1, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4	D1 - D6
10-strings/Deep Matched Reciprocal D3, G2, C2, F1, Bb0, D2, G2, C3, F3, Bb3	Bb0 - Bb5
12-strings/Classic B3, E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, C#2, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4	C1 - D6
12-strings/Classic 7+5 E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, G#1, C#2, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4	C1 - D6
12-strings/Classic 12=4th A3, E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, C#2, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4	C1 - D6
12-strings/Matched Reciprocal B3, E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, B1, E2, A2, D3, G3, C4	C1 - C6
12-strings/Matched Reciprocal 12=4th A3, E3, A2, D2, G1, C1, B1, E2, A2, D3, G3, C4	C1 - C6
12-strings/Raised Matched Reciprocal C#4, F#3, B2, E2, A1, D1, C#2, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4	D1 - D6
12-strings/Deep Matched Reciprocal A3, D3, G2, C2, F1, Bb0, A2, D3, G3, C4, F4, Bb4	Bb0 - Bb6
12-strings/Dual Bass Reciprocal A#3, D#3, G#2, C#2, F#1, B0, E1, A1, D2, G2, C3, F3	B0 - A#5
12-strings/Mirrored 4ths F3, C3, G2, D2, A1, E1, B1, E2, A2, D3, G3, C4	E1 - C6
8-strings/Interior Classic A2, D2, G1, C1, F#2, B2, E3, A3	C1 - A5
8-strings/Interior Matched Reciprocal A2, D2, G1, C1, E2, A2, D3, G3	C1 - G5
8-strings/Dual Bass Reciprocal G#2, C#2, F#1, B0, E1, A1, D2, G2	B0 - G#4
8-strings/Standard Bass 4ths B0, E1, A1, D2, G2, C3, F3, Bb4	B0 - Bb6
8-strings/Guitar intervals B0, E1, A1, D2, G2, C3, E3, A3	B0 - A5
8-strings/Guitar lower octave B0, E1, A1, D2, G2, B2, E3, A3	B0 - A5
Alto Stick/Classic E4, A3, D3, G2, C2, B2, E3, A3, D4, G4	C2 - F6
Alto Stick/Bob's Extended Alto C#3, F#3, B2, E2, A1, C#3, F#3, B3, E4, A4	A1 - G6
Alto Stick/Greg's Extended Alto E4, A3, D3, G2, C2, C#3, F#3, B3, E4, A4	C2 - G6
Guitar/Classic F#4, B3, E3, A2, D2, G1, G#2, C#3, F#3, B3, E4, A4	G1 - F#6
Guitar/Classic 12=4th E4, B3, E3, A2, D2, G1, G#2, C#3, F#3, B3, E4, A4	G1 - F#6
Guitar/Matched Reciprocal F#4, B3, E3, A2, D2, G1, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4, G4	G1 - E6
Guitar/Mirrored 4ths Guitar D4, A3, E3, B2, F#2, C#2, F#2, B2, E3, A3, D4, G4	C#2 - E6
Guitar/Mirrored 4ths Piano A3, E3, B2, F#2, C#2, G#1, G#2, C#3, F#3, B3, E4, A4	G#1 - F#6
Guitar/Dual Guitar E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4, E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4	E2 - C#6
Guitar/Offset Guitar D2, G2, C3, F3, A3, D4, G2, C3, F3, Bb3, D4, G4	D2 - E6

Character Tenor

External link: Fach - Wikipedia

Sounding	Written

Charango

External links:

• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Charango, Walaycho, Chillador, Ronroco...
• Charango tuning - Fret Expert

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CHARANGO
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Guitars
Family: Charangos
Comes from / Played in: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Names: Charango, Tatu Charango Charango Charango Charango Mulita Kirkinchu, Quirquinchu, Kirki Quinquela

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Am7 G4G4, C5C5, E5E4, A4A4, E5E5	G4 - G6
G#m7 F#4F#4, B4B4, D#5D#4, G#4G#4, D#5D#5	F#4 - F#6
Gm7 F4F4, Bb4Bb4, D5D4, G4G4, D5D5	F4 - F6
Em7 D4D4, G4G4, B4B3, E4E4, B4B4	D4 - D6

Charangon

External links:

• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Charango, Walaycho, Chillador, Ronroco...
• Ronroco tuning - Fret Expert

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Bolivia (Dm7) C4C4, F4F4, A4A3, D4D4, A4A4
Argentina (Em7) D4D4, G4G4, B4B3, E4E4, B4B4
Cm7 Bb3Bb3, Eb4Eb4, G4G3, C4C4, G4G4
Ronroco (Am7) G3G3, C4C4, E4E3, A3A3, E4E4

Charanguito manguero

See Manguerito

Charleston

See Hi-hat

Chillador

External links:

• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Charango, Walaycho, Chillador, Ronroco...
• Wari wawa - Edith Ramos - charango chillador

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Am7 G4G4, C5C5, E5E4, A4A4, E5E5	G4 - G6
G#m7 F#4F#4, B4B4, D#5D#4, G#4G#4, D#5D#5	F#4 - F#6
Gm7 F4F4, Bb4Bb4, D5D4, G4G4, D5D5	F4 - F6
Em7 D4D4, G4G4, B4B3, E4E4, B4B4	D4 - D6

Chillador charango

See Chillador

Chimes

See Tubular bells

China

See Chinese cymbal

Chinese Banjo

See Sanxian

Chinese Viola

See Zhonghu

Chinese cymbal

External links:

• Cymbale crash, splash, ride, chinoise... - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)
• Cymbale china - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CHINESE_CYMBAL
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Drumkits
Family: Drumkit
Names: Chinese cymbal, Reverse cymbal, China Cymbale chinoise, Cymbale inversée Chinesische Becken, Umg. Becken Piatto cinese , Umg. Becken Platillo chino, Plato invertido
Abbreviation: Ch. Cym.

Chitarra battente

See Baroque Guitar

Choir

Chromatic Accordion

External links:

• A.Vivaldi-P.Fenyuk. The four seasons "Summer" 3part
• René Lacaille « Le Caméléon du maloya » - Concert Vidéo-Live de sortie de résidence au Chantier
• Gioachino Rossini : La Danza (Renaudin-Vary/Brut)
• Chromatic button accordion - Wikipedia
• Stradella bass system - Wikipedia
• Free-bass system - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CHROMATIC_ACCORDION
Orchestra section: Free reeds
MIDI section: Organs
Family: Accordions
Names: Chromatic Accordion Accordéon chromatique Chromatisches Akkordeon Fisarmonica cromatica Acordeón cromático
Abbreviations: Accord., Accord. Acc. Ac.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Right hand - buttons
Right hand - piano
Left hand - Stradella
Left hand - free bass

Chromatic Harmonica

12- or 14-hole chromatic harmonica.

External links:

• Harmonica (musicologie.org)
• Concerto Harmonica Spivakovsky 1st Mov with Orchestra Harmonica concerto Music A Classical Harmonica
• Blues - un Effet à Connaître - Harmonica
• Harmonica - Wikipedia
• Harmonica - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CHROMATIC_HARMONICA
Orchestra section: Free reeds
MIDI section: Organs
Family: Harmonicas
Names: Chromatic Harmonica Harmonica chromatique Chromatische Mundharmonika Armonica cromatica Armónica cromático
Abbreviations: Harm. Harm. Arm.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C 12-hole
G 12-hole
Tenor 12-hole
C 14-hole
C 16-hole

Church Bells

See Carillon

Church Organ

See Pipe Organ

Cimbal

See Cimbalom

Cimbalom

External links:

• Tympanon (musicologie.org)
• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Hammer Dulcimer, Cimbalo, Cymbalum, Tsintsila, Santur...
• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Tsymbaly, Hutsul Tsymbaly
• Suvenir ucrainesc - Alexandru Sura tambal
• Ragtime de Strasvinsky - Orchestre Lamoureux
• Ion Miu, le maître du cymbalum
• Cimbalom - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CIMBALOM
Orchestra section: Struck strings
MIDI section: String and Orchestrals
Family: Dulcimers
Comes from / Played in: Belarus, Czechia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine
Names: Cimbalom Cymbalum Zimbal Cimbalom Címbalo Cimbal Tsymbaly Ţambal Tsimbl
Abbreviations: Cimb. Cymb.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Normal
Portative
Extended

Cimbasso

Instrument with a similar range to the contrabass trombone, most commonly encountered in 19th-century Italian opera scores.

External links:

• Cimbasso - Vienna Symphonic Library
• Cimbasso - Wikipedia
• Cimbasso - Wikipédia
• Trombone (instrument) - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CIMBASSO
Orchestra section: Brass
MIDI section: Brass
Family: Trombones
Comes from / Played in: Italy
Period: 19th century
Names: Cimbasso Cimbasso Cimbasso Cimbasso Cimbasso
Abbreviation: Cim.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
F

Cithren

See Cittern

Cittern

External links:

• Cittern - Wikipedia
• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Cistro, Cittern, Cistre, Cister, Cithara
• Ale Carr - solo cittern

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CITTERN
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Guitars
Family: Citterns
Comes from / Played in: Europe
Names: Cittern, Cithren Cistre Cister, Cyther Cetra Cistro, Kithara, Cítara

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Long/mid scale/Standard / Irish D2D2, G2G2, D3D3, A3A3, D4D4	D2 - D5
Long/mid scale/Mid scal standard D2D2, G2G2, D3D3, A3A3, E4E4	D2 - E5
Long/mid scale/Low C C2C2, G2G2, D3D3, A3A3, D4D4	C2 - D5
Long/mid scale/Mandolin C2C2, G2G2, D3D3, A3A3, E4E4	C2 - E5
Long/mid scale/Modal D D2D2, A2A2, D3D3, A3A3, D4D4	D2 - D5
Short scale/Standard / Irish G2G2, D3D3, A3A3, D4D4, A4A4	G2 - A5
Short scale/Modal G G2G2, D3D3, G3G3, D4D4, G4G4	G2 - G5
Short scale/Mandolin high B G2G2, D3D3, A3A3, E4E4, B4B4	G2 - B5

Cizhonghu

See Xiaodihu

Classical Guitar

External link: La guitare classique : des origines à nos jours - Xabina Larralde Lutherie

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CLASSICAL_GUITAR
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Guitars
Family: Guitars
Names: Classical Guitar Guitare classique Klassische Gitarre Classical Guitar Classical Guitar
Abbreviations: Gtr. Guit. Gtr. Gtr.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
E-A-D-G-B-E E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4	E2 - E5
Irish DADGAD D2, A2, D3, G3, A3, D4	D2 - D5
Dropped D D2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4	D2 - E5
Open A E2, A2, E3, A3, C#4, E4	E2 - E5
Open C C2, G2, C3, G3, C4, E4	C2 - E5
Open Cmin C2, G2, C3, G3, C4, Eb4	C2 - Eb5
Open D D2, A2, D3, F#3, A3, D4	D2 - D5
Open Dmin D2, A2, D3, F3, A3, D4	D2 - D5
Esus 11 E2, A2, E3, G3, B3, E4	E2 - E5
Open E E2, B2, E3, G#3, B3, E4	E2 - E5
Open Emin E2, B2, E3, G3, B3, E4	E2 - E5
Open F C2, F2, C3, F3, A3, C4	C2 - C5
Open F (2) F2, A2, C3, F3, C4, F4	F2 - F5
Open G D2, G2, D3, G3, B3, D4	D2 - D5
Open G (2) / Dobro G2, B2, D3, G3, B3, D3	G2 - B4
Dropped C and G C2, G2, D3, G3, B3, E4	C2 - E5
Alternative EGDEAE E2, G2, D3, E3, A3, E4	E2 - E5
Eb Guitar Eb2, Ab2, Db3, Gb3, Bb3, Eb4	Eb2 - Eb5
Nashville E3, A3, D4, G4, B3, E4	E3 - G5

Classical Kemençe

See Politiki lyra

Claves

External link: Claves - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CLAVES
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Names: Claves Claves Schlagstäbe Claves Claves
Abbreviation: Clv.

Clavichord

External links:

• Clavichord - Wikipedia
• Clavicorde - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CLAVICHORD
Orchestra section: Struck strings
MIDI section: Pianos
Period: Renaissance, Baroque, Classical
Names: Clavichord Clavicorde Klavichord Clavicordo Clavicordio
Abbreviation: Cch.

Sounding	Written

Clavinet

Electrically amplified clavichord with magnetic pickups.

External links:

• Clavinet D6
• Clavinet History In 5 Minutes
• Clavinet - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CLAVINET
Orchestra section: Struck strings
MIDI section: Pianos
Period: 20th century
Names: Clavinet Clavinet Clavinet Clavinet Clavinet

Sounding	Written

Click

Coloratura Mezzo-Soprano

Found especially in Rossini's operas, these roles were written originally for altos with agility and secure top notes. Today they are often played by mezzo-sopranos and sometimes even by sopranos. At times a lyric or full lyric soprano with a flexible voice will assume the roles as written while a true coloratura soprano will sing the same music transposed to a higher key.

External links:

• Fach - Wikipedia
• Cecilia Bartoli The Greatest Coloratura Mezzo Soprano (Soprano for some) of all times

Sounding	Written

Comic Tenor

It is quite possible for a young Comic Tenor to eventually work into the lighter Lyric Tenor category; the deciding factor will be the beauty of voice.

External link: Fach - Wikipedia

Sounding	Written

Concert Flute

External links:

• Fanny joue "Badinerie" & "Le vol du bourdon" à la flûte traversière - Prodiges 2
• beat box et flute traversiere
• Concert flute - Vienna Symphonic Library
• Flûte traversi%C3%A8re - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_FLUTE
Orchestra section: Flutes
MIDI section: Pipes
Family: Concert flutes
Names: Concert Flute, Flute in C Flûte traversière, Flûte en do Flöte, C-Flöte Flauto, C-Flöte Flauta travesera, Flauta en do
Abbreviation: Fl.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C/Amateur
C

Concert Ukulele

External link: Ukulele - Wikipedia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
High G G4, C4, E4, A4
Low G G3, C4, E4, A4

Concert harp

See Pedal Harp

Concertina

Bellows-driven free-reed instrument with buttons usually on both ends.

External links:

• Concertina - Wikipédia
• Concertina - Wikipedia

Conch

External links:

• Conch (instrument) - Wikipedia
• Conque - Wikipédia
• Steve Turre & His Signature Conch Shells

Sounding	Written

Congas

External link: Bongos, Congas - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONGAS
Orchestra section: Membranophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Comes from / Played in: Carribean
Names: Congas Congas Congas, Conga trommel, Tumba Conga, Tumbas Congas
Abbreviation: Cong.

Contra-alto Clarinet

Contra-alto clarinet in E♭. An octave lower than the E♭ alto clarinet.

External links:

• Contra Alto Clarinet Solo Jazz Improv by Brian Landrus
• Selmer Paris - Contra Alto Clarinet Presentation

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRA_ALTO_CLARINET
Orchestra section: Single reeds
MIDI section: Reeds
Family: Clarinets
Names: Contra-alto Clarinet, Eb Contrabass Clarinet Clarinette contralto, Clarinette contrebasse en mib Kontraltoklarinette, Es-Kontrabassklarinette Clarinetto contralto in mib, Es-Kontrabassklarinette Clarinete contralto, Clarinete contrabajo en mib
Abbreviation: C-a. Cl.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Eb/Amateur	Gb1 - Bb4
Eb/Professional	Gb1 - Eb5

Contra-alto Flute

External links:

• Contra Alto Flute Demo (1)
• contr'alto flute in G

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRA_ALTO_FLUTE
Orchestra section: Flutes
MIDI section: Pipes
Family: Concert flutes
Names: Contra-alto Flute Flûte contralto Kontralto-Flöte Flauto contralto Flauta contralto
Abbreviation: C-a. Fl.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
F	F2 - C5
G	G2 - D5

Contra-great bass Recorder

See Sub-great bass Recorder

Contrabass Balalaika

External links:

• Leonid Bruk plays balalaika-contrabass
• Tatar music on balalaika, balalaika-contrabass, and garmoshka
• Balalaïka contrebasse - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRABASS_BALALAIKA
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Basses
Family: Balalaikas
Comes from / Played in: Russia
Names: Contrabass Balalaika Balalaïka contrebasse Kontrabass-Balalaika Balalaika contrabasso Balalaica contrabaja

Tuning	Sounding	Written
E-A-D E1, A1, D2	E1 - D4

Contrabass Clarinet

Contrabass clarinet in B♭. An octave lower than the B♭ bass clarinet.

External links:

• Chestnuts Roasting on a Contrabass Clarinet
• Contrabass clarinet - Wikipedia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Bb/Amateur	Db1 - F4
Bb/Professional	Bb0 - Bb4

Contrabass Domra

External links:

• Tuning a domra and basic domra chords – Fret Expert
• Domra - Wikipedia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
3-strings E1, A1, D2	E1 - B3
4-strings E1, A1, D2, G2	E1 - E4

Contrabass Flute

Flute in C, sounding two octaves lower than the concert flute.

External link: Laura Gustavsen, Contrabass flute and Debra Schild, Alto flute

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRABASS_FLUTE
Orchestra section: Flutes
MIDI section: Pipes
Family: Concert flutes
Names: Contrabass Flute Flûte contrebasse Kontrabass-Flöte Flauto contrabbasso Flauta contrabajo
Abbreviations: Cb. Fl. Fl. cb. Fl. cb.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C/Amateur	C2 - F4
C/Professional	B1 - A4

Contrabass Oboe

External link: Cromorne - Wikipédia

Sounding	Written
Bb1 - A4

Contrabass Ophicleide

One octave lower than alto ophicleide

External links:

• Ophicleide - Wikipedia
• Ophicléide - Wikipédia
• The tuba's structural characteristics and historical development (researchgate.net)

Tuning	Sounding	Written
F	E1 - Bb3
Eb	D1 - Ab3

Contrabass Recorder

Recorder pitched in F (an octave below the bass).

External links:

• Meet the Renaissance CONTRABASS Recorder
• Recorder (musical instrument) - Wikipedia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
F/Amateur
F/Professional

Contrabass Recorder in C

See Sub-great bass Recorder

Contrabass Ruan

See Diyinruan

Contrabass Sarrusophone

Single- or double-reed metal instrument with a conical bore, from E♭ (an octave below the baritone) to B♭ (an octave below the bass).

External links:

• Bret Newton - Two Songs for Sarrusophone
• Sarrusophone - Wikipedia
• Contrabass sarrusophone - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRABASS_SARRUSOPHONE
Orchestra section: Double reeds
MIDI section: Reeds
Family: Sarrusophones
Period: 19th century
Names: Contrabass Sarrusophone Sarrusophone contrebasse Kontrabass-Sarrusophon Sarrusofono contrabbasso Sarrusofón contrabajo
Abbreviation: Cb. Sar.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Eb/Amateur	Db1 - F3
Eb/Professional	Db1 - Bb3
C/Amateur	Bb0 - D3
C/Professional	Bb0 - G3
Bb/Amateur	Ab0 - C3
Bb/Professional	Ab0 - F3

Contrabass Saxhorn

External links:

• The Prince Regent's Band introduces the contrabass saxhorn in E flat
• Saxhorn - Wikipédia
• Saxhorn - Wikipedia
• Tuba (instrument) - Wikipédia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Eb
Bb

Contrabass Saxophone

Saxophone in E♭ (an octave below the baritone).

External links:

• Le saxophone (musicologie.org)
• Contrabass Saxophone
• Contrabass saxophone - Wikipedia
• Saxophone contrebasse - Wikipédia
• Tubax - Wikipedia
• Tubax - Wikipédia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Eb/Amateur	Db1 - F3
Eb/Professional	Db1 - Ab3

Contrabass Trombone

External links:

• le trombone (musicologie.org)
• Contrabass Trombone: Saint-Saens
• Contrabass trombone - Vienna Symphonic Library
• Contrabass trombone - Wikipedia
• Trombone (instrument) - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRABASS_TROMBONE
Orchestra section: Brass
MIDI section: Brass
Family: Trombones
Names: Contrabass Trombone Trombone contrebasse Kontrabassposaune Trombone contrabasso Trombón contrabajo
Abbreviations: Cb. Tbn. Trb. cb. Trb. cb.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
F/Amateur
F/Professional
Bb, Wagner

Contrabass Tuba

External links:

• "Grand March" from Aida - Giuseppe Verdi - Solo Contrabass Tuba
• Contrabass tuba - Vienna Symphonic Library

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRABASS_TUBA
Orchestra section: Brass
MIDI section: Brass
Family: Tubas
Names: Contrabass Tuba Contretuba Kontrabass-Tuba Tuba contrabassa Tuba contrabajo
Abbreviation: Cb. Tba.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Bb, USA/Amateur
Bb, USA/Professional
Bb, Europe/Amateur	F1 - D3
Bb, Europe/Professional	Bb0 - A3

Contrabass Ukulele

External link: Ukulele - Wikipedia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
E-A-D-G E1, A1, D2, G2	E1 - B3
Dropped D D1, A1, D2, G2	D1 - B3

Contrabass Viol

Tuning	Sounding	Written
D-G-C-E-A-D D1, G1, C2, E2, A2, D3	D1 - A3

Contrabass erhu

See Dadihu

Contrabassoon

Larger version of the bassoon, sounding an octave lower.

External links:

• Victor Bruns: Trio for Tenor Bassoon, Bassoon & Contrabassoon, Op.97 (1992)
• [Figures de Notes] Le contrebasson, mode d’emploi
• Contrabassoon - Vienna Symphonic Library
• Contrabassoon - Wikipedia
• Contrebasson - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CONTRABASSOON
Orchestra section: Double reeds
MIDI section: Reeds
Family: Bassoons
Names: Contrabassoon, Double bassoon, Contraforte Contrebasson Kontrafagott Contrafagotto Contrafagot
Abbreviations: Cbsn. Cbs. Kfg. C. Fag.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C/Amateur	Bb0 - A3
C/Professional	Bb0 - C4

Contraforte

See Contrabassoon

Contralto

Cornet

Brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality.

External links:

• Cornet - Wikipedia
• Cornet à pistons - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CORNET
Orchestra section: Brass
MIDI section: Brass
Names: Cornet Cornet à pistons, Pistons Kornett Cornetta a pistoni Cornetín de pistones
Abbreviations: Cnt. C. à p., Pist. Kor. Crnt.

Tuning	Sounding	Written
Bb/Amateur	E3 - G5
Bb/Professional	E3 - Bb5
Eb/Amateur	A3 - C6
Eb/Professional	A3 - Eb6
C/Amateur
C/Professional
A/Amateur	Eb3 - G5
A/Professional	Eb3 - C6

Cornett

Medieval wind instrument, consisting of a conical wooden pipe covered in leather. The soprano is the most common cornett.

External links:

• Cornett - Wikipedia
• Cornet à bouquin - Wikipédia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C/Amateur
C/Professional

Cornettino

Medieval wind instrument, consisting of a conical wooden pipe covered in leather. The cornettino is the descant of the family.

External links:

• Cornett - Wikipedia
• Cornet à bouquin - Wikipédia

Tuning	Sounding	Written
C/Amateur
C/Professional

Corno da caccia

See Baroque Horn

Countertenor

External links:

• Countertenor - Wikipedia
• Christina Carr, dramatic mezzo-soprano sings "Mon coeur s'ouvre à ta voix"
• Philippe Jaroussky, countertenor records Handel's aria Stille Amare (Tolomeo)

Country Mandolin

See Mandolin

Cowbell

External links:

• Almglocken & Cowbell comparison
• Cowbell (instrument) - Wikipedia
• Sonnaille (instrument) - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_COWBELL
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Names: Cowbell Sonnaille (cowbell) Herdenglocken, Kuhglocken, Viehschellen Campanaccio Cencerro, Cowbell
Abbreviation: Cwb.

Crash cymbal

External links:

• Cymbale crash, splash, ride, chinoise... - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)
• Crash cymbal - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CRASH_CYMBAL
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Drumkits
Family: Drumkit
Names: Crash cymbal Cymbale crash Crash cymbal Piatti crash Platillo crash, Platillo remate

Cretan Lyra

The Cretan lyra may have same ancestor than Politiki lyra, the Byzantine lyra.
There are 3 variants of Cretan lyra: lyraki (the smallest), vrontolyra (strong sound, for song accompaniment) and common lyra (tuned in fifths like violin).
In 1990, Ross Daly designed a new type which incorporates elements of lyraki, the Byzantine lyra and the Indian sarangi. The result was a lyra with three playing strings and 22 sympathetic strings.

External links:

• INSTRUMUNDO Instrumentos Musicales: Lyra, Lira, Lyra Bizantina, Kemençe, Classic Kemençe, Politiki Lyra, Liraki
• Ross Daly and the Mediterranean Orchestra "Earpigon" H.D רוס דאלי
• Cretan Lyra and Laouto
• Cretan lyra - Wikipedia
• Lyra (instrument) - Wikipédia
• Greek Instruments ~ Greek Folk Music and Dance ~ John Pappas ~ Ioannis Pappayiorgas ~ Greek Dance Greek Music Klarino Bouzouki Greek Instruments Greek Clarinet

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CRETAN_LYRA
Orchestra section: Bowed strings
MIDI section: Ethnics
Family: Lyres
Comes from / Played in: Greece
Names: Cretan Lyra, Vrondolira, Viololira Lyre crétoise Kretishe Lyra Lira cretese Lira de Creta Kritiko lyra, Lyraki, Lyra koini

Tuning	Sounding	Written
lyra G3, D4, A4
Lyraki G4, D4, A4

Cretan laouto

See Laouto

Criolla Mandolin

See Octave Mandolin

Cristal Baschet

Glass rods played with wet fingertips, that propagate vibrations to metal rods embedded in a heavy metal plate.

External links:

• Cristal Baschet - Thomas Bloch (en)
• Cristal Baschet - Thomas Bloch (fr)
• Le cristal Baschet, comment ça marche ? Avec Marc Chouarain - Culture Prime
• Cristal Baschet - Wikipedia
• Cristal Baschet - Wikipédia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CRISTAL_BASCHET
Orchestra section: Idiophones
MIDI section: Chromatic percussions
Period: 20th century
Names: Cristal Baschet Cristal Baschet Cristal Baschet Cristal Baschet Cristal Baschet

Tuning	Sounding	Written
4 octaves
5 octaves

Crotales

External links:

• Crotale - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)
• Crotales (instrument) - Wikipédia
• Crotales - Wikipedia
• Crotales (musicologie.org)

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CROTALES
Orchestra section: Pitched percussions
MIDI section: Chromatic percussions
Names: Crotales, Antique cymbals Crotales Crotales Crotali Crótalos afinados
Abbreviations: Crot. Crot. Crot. Crot.

Sounding	Written
C6 - C8

Csello

See Tamburica Celo

Cuica

External links:

• Cuica - Amélie Stillitano & Raphaël Simon (le-guide-de-la-percussion.com)
• Batucada - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CUICA
Orchestra section: Membranophones
MIDI section: Percussives
Comes from / Played in: Brazil
Names: Cuica Cuica Cuica Cuica Cuica
Abbreviation: Cui.

Curtal

See Dulcian

Cümbüş

Turkish banjo-lie instrument with resonators and pairs of strings. Various neck exists: original is fretless (like oud), saz, çura...

External links:

• David Gilmour - Then I Close My Eyes
• Cümbüş Oud solo by Zeynel Abidin
• Le Cümbüş – Mode d'emploi – Instrument traditionnel turc des karadeniz türküleri
• Cümbüş - Wikipedia

Properties
Constant: INSTR_CUMBUS
Orchestra section: Plucked strings
MIDI section: Ethnics
Comes from / Played in: Turkey
Period: 20th century
Names: Cümbüş Cümbüş Cümbüş Cümbüş Cümbüş

Tuning	Sounding	Written
A-B-E-A-D-G A2A2, B2B2, E3E3, A3A3, D4D4, G4G4